Introduction: Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are abundant and easy to obtain, but the diversity of\ndifferentiation potential from different locations may vary with the developmental origin of their mesenchymal\ncompartment. We therefore aim to compare the myogenic differentiation and reparative activity of ADSCs derived\nfrom the pericardial tissue to ADSCs of subcutaneous origin.\nMethods: Pericardial and inguinal adipose tissues from Wistar rats were surgically obtained, and the stromal\nfraction was isolated after enzymatic digestion. The phenotypic epitopes of the resultant two types of ADSCs were\nanalyzed with flow cytometry, and the expression of transcriptional factors was analyzed with immunostaining.\nFurthermore, their potential toward adipogenic, osteogenic, and myogenic differentiation also was compared.\nFinally, the reparative activity and the resultant functional benefits were examined by allograft transplantation into\nan infarcted model in rats.\nResults: ADSCs from two adipose sources showed identical morphology and growth curve at the initial stage, but\ninguinal ADSCs (ingADSCs) sustained significantly vigorous growth after 25 days of cultivation. Although both\nADSCs shared similar immunophenotypes, the pericardial ADSCs (periADSC) intrinsically exhibited partial expression\nof transcription factors for cardiogenesis (such as GATA-4, Isl-1, Nkx 2.5, and MEF-2c) and more-efficient myogenic\ndifferentiation, but less competent for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. After in vivo transplantation,\nperiADSCs exhibited significantly vigorous reparative activity evidenced by thickening of ventricular wall and\npronounced vasculogenesis and myogenesis, although the majority of prelabeled cells disappeared 28 days after\ntransplantation. The structural repair also translated into functional benefits of hearts after infarction.\nConclusions: Although two sources of ADSCs are phenotypically identical, pericADSCs constituted intrinsic\nproperties toward myogenesis and vasculogenesis, and thus provided more potent reparative effects after\ntransplantation; therefore, they represent an attractive candidate cell donor for cardiac therapy.
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